Keyword phrases: stop-of-everyday living lithium-ion battery; battery recycling; geographic information program; product circulation Evaluation; GHG emissions; transportation network optimization; reverse logistics
Presently, truck transportation is assumed as the principal method for transporting invested batteries. Desk S8 in the Supplementary Information presents the truck transportation payload length of put in EV LIBs from demand factors as either assortment websites or dismantling hubs to EoL processing facilities (dismantling hubs and recycling and smelting services). The total ton–kilometers while in the ON, QC–Maritimes, and BC–Prairies recycling clusters signifies 19%, 38%, and forty three%, respectively, of the total payload distance of your reverse logistics network.
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The disposed EV battery pack mass for every provincial cluster for the baseline state of affairs was estimated in Segment 2.one.1 and is also proven in Table S4 during the Supplementary Data and is allocated amongst different selection websites located in population centers (PCs) across copyright, to which geospatial info are supplied by Statistics copyright [38,39] and illustrated in Figures S2 and S3 in the Supplementary Information and facts. In order to identify strategic geolocations for collection web-sites to lessen payload distances, demographic, geographic, and socioeconomic constraints were being utilized by utilizing geoprocessing equipment.
There is proscribed exploration on optimization investigation on EoL infrastructure siting along with the job of transportation of spent batteries for EoL processing levels. This investigate is vital To judge the viability of EoL recycling, like the exceptional locations of EoL management amenities, though evaluating the environmental and cost impacts of assortment and transportation.
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Recycling desire is allocated to each facility then used batteries are transported to dismantling hubs to become diverted to repurposing and recycling processes. The battery pack is divided into black mass (battery cell supplies) as well as other metals ahead of getting despatched to recycling amenities.
The travelled length in the dismantling amenities to the aluminum and copper smelters signifies seventy three% of the overall ton–kilometers transported in the ON cluster mainly because There may be out-of-province transportation in the dismantling hubs in ON to the smelter services in QC.
Transportation route optimization was executed for every road transportation community in the three recycling clusters to acquire correct geodesic travel distances between origin (cease 1) and desired destination (prevent 2) by acquiring the shortest path between stops.
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Reverse logistics is typically function that happens following a goods and services is shipped. This tends to include item returns, recycling, and exchanges.
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